Method of making socket wrenches



April 22 1924.

A. GRAY METHOD OF MAKING SOCKET WHENCHES Filed Feb- 17. 1922 AY/A27Patented Apart 322, lll lo tr r ALEXANDER GRAY, 0F TULEtON'lTU, GNTAEIG,CANADA.

METHOD OF MAKING SOCKET PJIRJd'fE'CEEE-S.

Application filed February 17, 18%2. Serial Etc. 537,243.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER GRAY, a 7

;: which will enable the use of high quality material for the wrenchsocket with a lower quality for the; stem, and provide a wrench of firstquality.

The principal feature of the invention consists in the novel method ofconstruction whereby the socket portion is drawn from fiat stock into acup shape and a separate stem is swaged into locking engagement with thecup member.

In the drawings, Figure l is a sectional elevational view of the dieholder for swaging the stem to the head showing the punch and die inposition.

Figure 2 is a sectional view of the upsetting die for flanging the stem.

Figure 3 is a sectional detail of the drawn socket member.

Figure 4 is a sectional detail showing the manner of assembling thesocket member on the stem.

Eigure 5 is a sectional view of the finished wrench.

lln carrying this invention into edect the socket portion of the wrenchis drawn from flat stock into the cup shape illustrated in Figure 3, theside walls being pressed tightly within the drawing die to ensure theirpositive dimensions.

After the cup 1 is formed the bottom thereof is punched with a square orhenagonal hole 2. This hole is centrally ar ranged in the cup structure.The cup thus formed of a soft stock suitable for drawing is thenhardened, preferably by the case hardening method so that it will have ahard wear-resisting surface and will be tough in its inner fibre so thatit will not crack.

The stem 3 of the wrench'is formed of a rod of metal, preferably of adifierent quality to that of the cup, as the stem does not require to beofthe same hardness. This stem is formed by upsetting in the punch anddie A B as illustrated in Figure 3 toform a flange e. The short end 5 ofthe W stem is then inserted through the angular hole of the cup member 1preferably being first heated. The stem is then placed in a die, hereshown in the form of a split die 6 opening longitudinally and hinged atthe top and bottom so as to swing outwardly to allow of the placing ofthe assembled member.

When placed the die is closed and suitably clamped and a punch 7 thenmoves 7 downwardly being connected to the ram of the press.

The punch is formed with a cone-shaped end which enters the end of thestem and spreads the metal laterally forcing it to 8 flow into thecorners of the'cup and to fill the angular hole punched through the cup.The stem is thus swaged around both sides of the inturned portion of thecup and unites the cup solidly thereto so that it can E not becomedisengaged or loosened therefrom. I

In order to ensure the holding of the stem by the split die against thevery severe pressure exerted by the punch it is pref- 5 erable toprovide the punch with a hood 8 which encircles the upper end of thesplit die holder. This hood is formed with a bevelled inner bottom edgewhich draws the members of the die holder tightly into $9 place as thepunch moves inwardly to operate against the end of the stem.

A wrench constructed in the manner de scribed may be manufactured verycheaply and will be of extraordinary good quality as the drawn cupportion may be of a grade of steel specially selected to withstand thewear. A desirable quality of steel is that which will case-harden,consequently the I surface will be wear-resisting and the stem 11% willbe tough and strong and will not be liable to snap, and the head cannotloosen.

What I claim as my invention is 1. A method of making socket wrenches,consisting in drawing a cup-shaped member m5 shaped to receive a nut andhaving a hole in the bottom, shaping a stem with a flange adjacent tothe end then inserting the stem with the shoulder abutting the outerside of the bottom of the cup, then swaging the 11m inner end of thestem outwardly to form a flange interlocking with the inside nutshapedwall of the cup.

2. A method of making socket wrenches, consisting in first drawing acup-shaped member from a soft flat steel stock forming a hole throughthe end, then hardening the cup, then forming a stem with a flangeadjacent to one end, then inserting the end of the stem into the hole inthe cup with the flange abutting the outer side of the cup, theninserting a punch and swaging the metal outwardly to engage the innerside walls of the cup in locking contact.

3. A method of making socket wrenches, consisting in first drawing acup-shaped member from flat stock, then punching a hole through the endthereof, then forming a stem with an annular flange adjacent to its end,then inserting the stem into the cup with the flange abutting same, thenplacing said cup and stem within a die, then inserting a punch to swagethe metal of the inner end of the stem into the base of the cup, saidpunch having a hood adapted to encircle the die during the swagingoperation to hold it from expansion.

4:. In a socket wrench a hardened cup a stem flanged to engage the outersurface of the end ofthe cup and having a flanged inner end embracingthe inner side walls of the cup end.

ALEXANDER GRAY.

